Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Cameroon (2004)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Cameroon (2004)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)	Cameroon (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 42% (male 3,416,086; female 3,334,904) 15-64 years: 54.8% (male 4,425,246; female 4,370,329) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 233,506; female 283,607) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber
Airports	-	47 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly larger than California
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations.	The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy.
Birth rate	-	35.08 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $2.442 billion expenditures: $1.941 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital	-	Yaounde
Climate	tropical	varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Coastline	74.1 km	402 km
Constitution	-	20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon former: French Cameroon
Currency	-	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Death rate	-	15.34 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$7.236 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94, 223-40-14 FAX: [237] 223-07-53 branch office(s): Douala
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
Disputes - international	none	ICJ ruled in 2002 on the entire Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary but the parties formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary, starting in Lake Chad in the north; the ICF ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, however, implementation of the decision is delayed due to imprecisely defined coordinates, the unresolved Bakasi allocation, and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; Nigeria initially rejected cession of the Bakasi Peninsula; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias
Economic aid - recipient	-	on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have considerable impact on the economy.
Electricity - consumption	-	3.36 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	3.613 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako (on Mount Cameroon) 4,095 m
Environment - current issues	NA	water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Exchange rates	-	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 Dec 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton
Exports - partners	-	Spain 21.9%, Italy 13.4%, France 10.8%, Netherlands 10.6%, US 7.5%, China 4.4% (2003)
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $27.75 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 42.6% industry: 19.8% services: 37.6% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	4.2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	6 00 N, 12 00 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
Highways	-	total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
Imports - partners	-	France 21.9%, Nigeria 9.5%, Japan 6.8%, US 5.7%, China 4.9%, Germany 4.3% (2003)
Independence	-	1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-	4.2% (1999 est.)
Industries	-	petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 69.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 73.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 65.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.3% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	-	ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1993)	330 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)
Labor force	-	6.49 million NA (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand)	arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (2001)
Languages	-	24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Legal system	the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature) elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21 note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 47.95 years male: 47.1 years female: 48.83 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 84.7% female: 73.4% (2003 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Map references	Southeast Asia	Africa
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	territorial sea: 50 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 169,593 GRT/357,023 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2004 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	-
Military branches	-	Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$189.2 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.4% (2003)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 3,898,944 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 1,979,151 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 184,054 (2004 est.)
National holiday	-	Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)
Nationality	-	noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes
Natural resources	fish	petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,120 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	-	Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]; Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC [Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)	16,063,678 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	48% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate	-	1.97% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2002)
Railways	-	total: 1,008 km narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Religions	-	indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	20 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use	-	110,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	1.077 million (2003)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (2002)
Terrain	low with sand and coral	diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Total fertility rate	-	4.55 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	30% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2004)

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